Research

A dictionary explains that research is advanced study of a subject, so as to learn new facts or scientific laws. Perfectly, an encyclopedia explains that research is a systematic investigation of a particular subject. In science, it continues, it is an effort to discover new knowledge to develop new processes of products. In laws, it is a collection of information that already exists. The differences is because a dictionary explains words and encyclopedia explains facts.

When someone wants to write a biography of famous person, he might read that person's letters, diaries, and other writings, and collect the details of the person's life. This work is also called a research. After conducting research, it usually reports you made in the form of term paper. If you have trouble sometimes several professional writers who can help you to custom research papers.

A research might be interested in:
a. The investigation of the origin of the universe.
b. Developing new materials for particular industry uses.
c. Examining the molecules that make up the cells of plants or animals.
d. Finding ways to detect and cure the diseases.
e. Discovering how to prevent crime.
f. Studying about why people buy certain products.

You'll get easy to write the research like the examples above by making use of custom writing services.

But if you want to write your result of research so you will be a researcher who must work in a series and well organized. He must follow the following research steps:
a. defining the problem,
b. studying existing information,
c. forming a hypothesis,
d. collecting evidence,
e. drawing a conclusion.

The conclusion drawn must be logical and statistical. He writes the results of his work and presents them at the meeting of professional societies. When valid, his work is protected by a patent.

There are two types of research. They are basic research and applied research. Basic research is used to know better about a particular subject and solve practical problems. Applied research aims at the developing of a new product. It stresses at a practical goal, that is why it depends largely on trial and error. Often a research is one branch of science helps research in another. For example, a research in crime has played an important role in the development of social studies then stimulates the educational system.

Since research requires a large amount of money for researchers salary, equipment and laboratories. It can only be carried out with the funds provided by the government or business firms sponsor research.

Juvenile delinquency in sexual deviation

Juvenile delinquency is increasing, not only in frequency but also because the variety and intensity. One type of variation is quite alarming and is a sexual deviation that young children do with all the negative effects that disturb the peace and happiness level of societal life. The future of the nation and the country is located in the shoulder and responsibilities of this teenager. If they growth with improving the quality of the improvement of good hope and happiness of the nation can be expected. However, if the opposite occurs then the blame can not be avoided is the problem more real and getting worse.

Efforts to understand the problem is not based on thoughts that are not balanced, but pursued the way of solving the problem teenagers. The best not only in understanding the problems, but also the constructive steps that implemented by the community and a nation that is committed to developing the whole human pattern formation.

The teens are those who have left the childhood dependency and towards the establishment of responsibility. Adolescence is marked by new experiences that previously had never imagined and experienced. Mature teens can be seen from physical-biological or psychological or psychiatric. The first menstrual discharge for women and sperm in the first-wet-dream for men is the first milestone in human life which shows that they were on the way teens are beautiful and full of question marks.

In the physical-biological growth, the maturation of hormones in your body greatly affects the teenagers in their sexual maturity, such as the emergence of sexual impulses are more alive and vibrant. Interest in sex began to flourish in the specific sense that they are in the introduction of self was still greatly reduced. Psychological developments that are not properly briefed will always be a question that disrupt and disturb the peace of life is very young.

Communities that developed so rapidly in both material and shift change the values of life were its impact not only on parents and adults but also for young people. If parents' attention and time so consumed by his desire for material advantage is one of a symbol of social status, then the fulfillment of responsibility towards the children teen became dormant. This situation is why teenagers sometimes develop into mischievous and troublesome parents (adults), others in the community. Indeed the development of adolescents is influenced by several factors, among others, by internal factors (endogenous) and external factors (exogenous).

If teens have a hereditary component (descendants) and constitutional factors that are not fun then complemented by several external factors it is very probable that adolescents have the potential conditions adverse to that in time will become a naughty child. Endogenous factors also play a role in this regard. State of consciousness of faith and religious knowledge and experience of teenage life also have an important role. The better the religious appreciation in adolescents who later supported by exemplary parents, then the fruit of obedience in a religious obligation to do dozens of psychological cases showed decreased frequency of delinquency or very low.

In a very simple description can be noted, that in the field of adolescent sexual delinquency caused by the following circumstances:
1. The quality of adolescent self; as less healthy emotional development, they have problems in the development of a clean conscience and religious, the inability to use the spare time carefully and economically, overcoming weakness in failure by choosing the wrong alternative activities and the development of habits of self-less even not healthy in everyday life.

2. Quality of family and community environments, such as home and family with an arid situation of love and understanding, economics do not support the will and the opportunity to learn and perform a more healthy recreation and is useful for the development of adolescents, the shift in values and moral citizens, serving the media mass of damaging the healthy moral development and local conditions that provide and stimulate individuals towards the development of adolescent physic-bisexual that are not normative.

The types of sexual deviations that often occur among adolescents are:
1. Masturbation; done by hand or with other replacement items that can provide delicious juice that eventually could release sperm in adolescent boys and orgasms (the highest feelings of sexual pleasure) in adolescents putrid. These activities are generally carried out by activating the fantasies and supported by several environmental and personal circumstances such as when alone, after reading or viewing pornographic pictures or videos.
2. Free sex, deviant sexual activity can be done individually or in groups at a time and place agreed upon. This sex party is usually preceded by events quite stimulating, and at places considered safe from public knowledge.
3. Life together without marriage or seamen Leaven. Forms of social life such as are usually done by a very thin their religious moral and social interaction, or perhaps vice verse to cover sexual behavior that deviates from the norms prevailing society.
4. Fetishism; a sexual disorder is usually experienced by men where they feel happy with the things he knew a woman who substitutes such as bras, underwear, dresses and so forth.
5. Exhibitionism, a discrepancy that perpetrators of sexual pleasure and are satisfied with the attention to members of the genitals to others.
6. Voyeurism; sexual satisfaction that is felt by those who peered naked.
7. Homosexual; sexual satisfaction obtained by performing a same-sex sexual relations. The woman can be known as lesbianism.
8. Prostitution, sexual intercourse with sex workers or people who were not wives or husbands.
9. Rape, sexual activity with the existence of coercion.
10. Sexual satisfaction with a pet.

To overcome some of the problems described above, there are several steps that must be adopted:
1. Understanding of the problems teenagers
2. Investment information religion.
3. Habituation to worship the discipline to cultivate self-awareness.
4. Following a model example of a good and true.
5. Creating a healthy environment and a lot of sexual deviation.
6. Beware of the mass media that can lead to arousal.

Professional attitude of Indonesian Teachers in Education

Education is a process of interaction between teachers (educators) and learners (students) to achieve educational goals that have been determined. Educators, learners and educational purposes are the major component of education. These three elements form a triangle, which if lost one of them is missing also the essence of education.

Educating is the work of someone who is professional. Therefore, teacher education as the main perpetrator must be a professional educator. However, a professional educator must have a professional attitude as well. Teachers as professional educators have a good image in society if it can demonstrate to society that a teacher and role model worthy of being a role model of society around him. People will see the daily life of a teacher, ranging from how to dress, talk and the way these teachers in improving their knowledge.

Currently, in this century is known as the century of knowledge. Knowledge will be the primary basis in all aspects of life. Teachers are very instrumental in the development of knowledge. Century knowledge era demands more complex and challenging. An era, related to the certain specification of great effects on education. Nasanius (1998) revealed that the deterioration of education is not caused by the curriculum, but by the lack of professional attitude and the reluctance of teachers to learn students.

Professional attitude are not enough teachers, especially in the fields of science and ethics, especially in terms of ethics can be seen from the news that bloom about a teacher whose amoral attitude toward the students. Indeed, the number of educators in quantitative but there's enough quality and attitude of professionalism is still not as expected. Many of them are not qualified and how to deliver material that was wrong so they are unable or less able to present and implement a truly educational quality.

Many factors cause a lack of professionalism of teachers so that the government is attempting to teachers who perform in the century of knowledge are teachers who really professional and able to anticipate the challenges in education. Due to the time that this happens a lot of changes that affect the values in various aspects of lifestyle patterns and the community, both in villages and cities, until finally, in turn, all that would affect patterns of education. In conjunction with this education is challenged to be able to prepare professional education personnel as human resources capable of facing global challenges related to education, of course, in this case, including preparing a teacher who has a professional attitude.

Attitude is a mental experiment that looked in deed and glide easily without need of thought and consideration. Teachers as professional educators have a good image in society if it can demonstrate to the public that teachers deserve to be a role model or a model of society around him. Although all teachers are always observed the behavior of society but the attitude or behavior of the teacher who most attention is the attitude of how teachers are to understand, appreciate and practice the skills and attitudes of professional attitude.

The target is a teacher professional attitude towards:
a. Legislation.
b. Professional organizations
c. Socialization among teachers.
d. Protege.
e. Workplace
f. Leader
g. Jobs.

The attitude of supporting the smooth professionalism of teachers as a teacher in executing its duties is influenced by two major factors, namely:
a. internal factors include the interests and talents.
b. external factors related with the environment, infrastructure and various exercises by teacher.

Professional attitudes of teachers is teacher response to the dimensions, which determine the expertise of teacher professionalism, proficiency, competence and meet quality standards in order to improve the quality of children of the nation. In promoting and developing the professional attitude that educators local governments to provide support as assigned the government and the local government shall provide the budget to increase the professionalism and dedication of teachers in educational unit organized by the government, local government / or the community.

Display professional teacher behavior according Zamroni (2006) in the future include:
a. Show ability in the form of acts or behavior (performance) rather than just words.
b. Working on the basis of professional duties for the benefit and satisfaction of learners.
c. Committed as members of professional organizations to enhance their professional capabilities.
d. Develop strategies and methods used in doing the job according to his profession.

In improving the professionalism of a teacher must have the following characteristics:
a. competence as a learning agent that includes pedagogic competence, professional ethics and social competence.
b. S1 degree
c. have the capacity to work independently
d. emphasis on learners
e. have a code of ethics
f. has a reward system.

Principle that all people who can teach and children can be smart when they have pushed the performance of teachers teaching impressed not optimal. The result of the upgrading of teachers has yet to show their power differently than those who did not follow the upgrading. Here there is no control on the result of the upgrading despite having spent a lot of cost. The paradigm of this kind need to be changed because not everyone can be taught with a professional attitude of the teaching is good and right.

Professional attitudes of teachers have an important role to prepare this generation has emotional intelligence empowerment and high-skill and master mega solid. In the century of knowledge of teachers as professionals are faced with the challenge to produce human resources (students) who qualified in the face of various challenges and demands that are competitive.

Attitude is a professional teacher is a positive attitude towards professional and teacher behavior or teacher-effective ideal. The components that became the teaching professional attitude can be seen in the following components:

a. Intellectual components, namely: ready to face task, healthy minds and the mastery of the material.
b. Moral component, namely: watery face clearly, patient, earnestly perform their duties, the sound is clear and bright, the eyes are always alert and dignified.
c. Physical components, namely: a healthy body and physical strength, cleanliness and neatness.

According Hamacheek (1969); effective teachers apparently are teachers who have the attitude of "humane", as have a sense of humor, fair, interesting, more democratic than autocratic and able to communicate easily and naturally to the students, either individually or in groups. The attitude of teachers who are not understanding and less able to adapt to certain conditions and lack of integration led to lack of effectiveness of learning processes.
Good teaching is not just a matter of techniques and methodology of studying. To maintain classroom discipline and to maintain the stability of the learning process needs the appropriate attitude. Teachers tend to argue that education is the heir to the cultural, social responsibility and special teaching materials. Therefore, also a teacher needs to develop the values and personal attitudes are good.

Professional attitude and moral standards should be held every individual involved in education, especially teachers. This is important because the relational patterns among individuals in educational institutions are not immune from the elements of power. Without a professional attitude and moral standards will take place in private attitude to take advantage. The teachers may behave in a professional if these teachers have the ability and motivation. The attitudes of teachers who are highly committed are usually high also in giving attention to students, as well as time and effort given to improving the quality of education.

Of course professionalism teacher attitudes are very influential in education because a teacher does not only produce the character of cognitive science and not merely the character is also only applicable and practical use alone but also lead people to plant the human values manifested in behavior and real value -the value minds of daily behavior. Therefore, the attitude of a teacher needs to be considered because he is also a role model for learners.

Real forms of behavior and attitude full of refinement it is strategically more important than the long-term and temporary split second-oriented, problem solving and improvement of living standards and emphasis on morality and ethics. That is a teacher who acted in accordance with the rules and mechanisms that have been specified.

A teacher will be seen successfully sodium absorption ratio simply because their students achieve high scores in exams. Test scores were only a small part of the measures of success. Moreover, recent research shows that IQ plays only 20% support a person's success, 80% instead of EQ and SQ that support a person's success. Surely only a teacher who not only an intellectually brilliant are reliable, but also a teacher who has a professional attitude that good teaching will result in the characters of the students who achieve success balance between IQ, EQ and SQ. Examples of some professional attitudes of teachers are knowledgeable, have a certain view of distant future (visionary), have a sense of confidence and high self-esteem, so it can be a role model who aspired to the interests of the people, nation and state.

Attitudes expected of course demands a paradigm shift, orientation, approach way of thinking, and creative attitude, and not fragmentary, systemic, pervasive and fundamental to achieving educational goals. The process of internalization through the attitudes of teachers will be more meaningful if conducted in a democratic atmosphere of school life, honest and open. This is because the values of the socialization process that requires regular and continuous process carried out in discipline and requires a concrete example in the implementation, especially the example of the teacher in daily school life.

Overview of personality

Many expert or world leaders over time have revealed about the nature and human nature. They paring about the nature of human-centered and nature of the discussion about human psychology and personality. In general, experts suggest, that the human personality in the form of a combination between body and soul. Body formed by biological principles, starting from the first human creation till the offspring. And inside the human body is equipped with their members and body parts for the preservation of the life of the soul. Body-language implements actions that are driven by people with certain ways.

Psychology question of human behavior, whether observed or not observed. All human behavior has a psychological background. Therefore, in general, human activities those show the human personality. Of course every human being has a different personality. Personality growth and development throughout the human life, especially from birth to adolescence that is always in the family environment, which was raised by parents and hanging out with other family members as well as the environment outside the family. Of course everyone has a different personality. There is a personality that attracted others, which contains positive elements and there is also reprehensible, which contain negative elements.
Here will be described several definitions of personality. Among them are as listed below:

1. Personality can be said of social behavior patterns, patterns of fear, the urge and desire, movement patterns and shades opinions and attitudes.

2. Someones personality is a complex integration of cognitive processes, attitudes and assessment development process, the process of learning the various roles and self-concept.

Gordon W. Allport (1973) provides definitions of personality as follows: Personality is the organization of dynamic systems and soul within the individual that determine his unique adjustment to its environment.

From the description of the personality definition above can be concluded that the personality, the overall pattern (shape) behavior, traits, habits, skills, body shape and the elements of psycho-physical other who always appeared in one's life. And aims as the totality of the psychic personality dynamic, unity based on cooperation between various side / part of the psyche, especially part of conscious and unconscious.

Some kind of division types are:
A. Galenus’s opinion
Glenus a physician to the Roman temperament divides human beings into four types based on the most influential type of fluid on the human body.

1. Cholericus: yellow bile (Chloe) was most influential. This human’s big and strong bodies, peppery are hard to control himself.

2. Sanguinicus: blood (sanguis) a greater influence. This human’s face is always beaming, jovial and spirited childish.

3. Flegmaticus: lendis (flegma) most react. This human demeanor calm, lazy, pessimistic, and his face was always pale.

4. Melancholicus: black bile (melanchole) are more influential. People with this type has always been moody and easily misdoubt (suspicious).

B. Heymans’s opinion

Gerart Heymans, a professor of Dutch people, dividing the human temperament based on three elements / essential nature of human beings, namely:
-Emotionality: Sensitivity to the feelings
-Activity: The ability to act politely
-Secondary Functions: Ability to produce responses.

Heymans dividing type of human nature based on the strength of the above three elements within each person, Heymans obtain seven types of people:
1. Gapasioneerden (great people): people are active and powerful emotional as well as secondary functions. This person is always tough, emotional, power-crazed, selfish, and critical. They are good patriots, have a strong sense of kinship and love to help people who are weak.

2. Cholerici (the stern): an active and emotional person, but weak secondary function. This person is lively, hardworking, cheerful, brave, and optimistic, like the things that are factual. They love luxury, spendthrift, like long-acting recklessly without thought to carry away.

3. Sentimental (the seducer): people who are not active, emotional and strong secondary function. These people often are emotional, often impulsive (indulge your heart), a smooth talker so easily influence others, enjoy the natural life, distancing themselves from the noise and bustle.

4. Nerveuzen (skittish people): people who are inactive and the secondary function is weak, but strong emotions. People of this type of emotional nature (inflammable but quickly became cold), like the protest / condemn others, impatient, not willing to think long, aggressive, but not revenge.

5. Flegmaciti (cool people): people are not active and strong secondary function. People of this type are always to be calm, patient, diligent, working regularly, do not despair quickly, and spoke briefly but firmly. They are broad-minded, mathematically gifted, happy reading and have a good memory. This person is diligent and nimble and able to stand alone without requiring a lot of help from others.

6. Sanguinici (childish people): people who are inactive, not emotional, but strong secondary function. The properties of this type, among other difficult decisions, lack of courage / hesitate to act, morose, taciturn, aloof, hold fast to its founding, vindictive, not snobby and power in politics was always a conservative view.

7. Amorfen (person is not formed): the people who are inactive, not emotional and weak secondary function. The characteristics of this type are among others, less intellectual, small-minded, impractical, always echoed, awkward and bad memory. They rather indefinite, drunkard, spendthrift, and tends to let himself be guided and controlled by others.

C. Spranger’s opinion
Eduard Spranger, German psychologist, divides human nature on the basis of values adopted by someone. Those values are the value of economic, political, social, science, art and religion. Based on the strength of those values in a person, E. Spranger dividing the character / personality of man into six types, namely:

1. Human theory.
These people believe the most important knowledge, is above everything. Knowledge of the most powerful, knowledge is power. This person likes to read, happy to discuss the theories of science, like investigating a truth / conduct research, tend to be alone than to chat with other people for fun.

2. Human Economy
The most important value for these people is money (economy). Motto is the time Is money. All efforts aimed at the mastery of the material / money as much as possible. His goal in life is to achieve happiness through wealth. Each activity is always reckoned hurt earnings. They diligently worked and did not want to waste time in vain.

3. Human social.
For these people, social values most affect the soul. They have properties, such as happy outgoing, likes to help others in difficulty, like to work together in solving a problem, be willing to sacrifice for the sake of the people.

4. Political human
The value of this person is most important for politics. The natures of these people like to talk about politics and state administration, following the upheaval within and outside the city, admiring the figures of statesmen. In all interests in society, he always wanted a low profile and wanted to dominate others.

5. Human art
This person's soul is always influenced by the values of art. Most of the time used to serve the arts. Most valuable in their view is anything that has the art (beauty). This guy likes to be alone, away from noise, and luxury.

6. Human pious
This person is lover of religious value. For those who are more important in life is to serve the Lord God Almighty. They want to always be good to others and to implement the religion as much as possible. In all acts of his horns, he always pays attention to religious teachings.

Personality types above can be known through several ways including:
1. Observations: directly observed behavior.
2. Interview: talk directly to someone.
3. Inventory: make a written question in brief, usually filling a column with a check mark.
4. Projective techniques: projecting themselves through pictures.
5. Biography and autobiography: a life history written by others and written his own.
6. Daily Note: analyzing a person's activity records.

The three aspects of one's personality as follow:
1. Cognitive aspects: relating to the mind. Serves to direct and control the behavior.
2. Affective aspects: the mental health associated with feelings and emotions. Function gives the energy that makes human beings behave.
3. Motor aspects: function as executors of human behavior.

Please note that a person also has the functions that are divided into physical aspects and mental aspects, among the functions of the physical personality is as follows:
1. Motoric function in the body parts.
2. Sensoric function to the tools of the senses.
3. Neurotic functions in the nervous system.
4. Sexual function in parts of the erotic body.
5. Respiratory function in the respiratory system.
6. Circulatory function of the heart and veins.
7. Digestive function in food digestion tools.

While the psychological aspect consists of the following:
1. Function of attention.
2. Observation function
3. Response function.
4. Memory function
5. The function of fantasy.
6. The function of the mind.
7. Function feelings.
8. The function of the will.

Human life both psychologically and physically is always evolving. And levels of development are often attracted considerable attention is the dramatic adolescence (puberty) and sensuality.

The development is a change and this change is not quantitative but qualitative. The development is not emphasized in material terms, but in functional terms. It can be formulated so that the development of a personality is a qualitative change from the every function of personality result of growth and learning.

The symptoms are described as psychological development, dating from three parts, namely:
1. Biological.
2. It is mainly depends on the influences around the 'converged'.
3. Discoveries made by someone in his surroundings.

As for the things that affect one's development consists of two factors:
1. Internal factors: the dating of yourself.
2. External factors: the external influences mainly come from experience that every person.

Must be considered in development of personality is:
1. Growth was relatively quite stable, particularly those involving patterns of adjustment something.
2. How their growing personal view about his own self because of the concepts learned there is the concept of him as a person. How the concept has been formed, how it affects the concept of social interaction behavior changes.
3. How to socialization process that affects the sustainability and stability of personality development is concerned.

Moslow believes that man must manifest themselves gradually and if the growth is not running smoothly, people experiencing mental health disorders or body. Stagnation in development of university because people do not dare to develop themselves or blocked by environmental then generate a setback, illness, death.

You need to also realize that a closely related development is the ambition. And as already mentioned above that the development is closely related to the changes and if someone behavior changes, so that occurred in two forms.
1. Patterns of behavior in a progressive differentiation through new discrimination.
2. Patterns that integrate through a process of progressive generalization.

The Characteristics of Contextual Learning

In contextual learning, learning program is more of a plan of activities designed teachers' class, which contains the scenario step by step on what will be done with their students relative to the topic that will be studied. It is reflected in program learning goals, the medium to achieve these objectives, learning materials, steps and authentic assessment of learning.

In general, there is no fundamental difference between the formal conventional learning programs with contextual learning. It is differentiate only in emphasis. In conventional learning is more emphasis on the description of objectives to be achieved (clear and operational). While in the contextual learning program is more emphasis on the learning scenario. Therefore, contextual learning has its own characteristics, which are as follow:

1. Cooperation
2. Mutual support
3. Please
4. Learning with passion
5. Integrated Learning
6. Using a variety of sources
7. Active Students
8. Sharing with friends
9. Students of critical and creative teachers
10. The walls and school hallways are full of good cooperation in the form of maps, pictures, articles, stories and more.
11. Reports to parents not only report but also of students' work, reports the result practices of students and others.

In addition, there are seven components of contextual learning became its main characteristics are:
1. Construction.
-To build students own understanding of new experiences based on prior knowledge.
-Learning to be packed into a process of "construct" rather than receiving knowledge.

2. Inquiry.
-The process of moving from observation to understanding.
- Students learn to use the skills.
-Think critically

3. Questioning
-Activities teacher to encourage guide and assess students' thinking abilities.
-For students this is an important part in inquiry-based learning.

4. Learning Community
- A group of people who engage in learning activities.
-Work with others better than himself.
-Exchange of experiences.
-Share ideas

5. Modeling
- The process looks an example for others to think, work and study.

6. Reflections
-How to think about what they have learned and record what is learned
- Create journals artwork and discussion groups.

7. Authentic Assessment
-Measuring student knowledge and skills.

With the existence of seven main components that have been mentioned above, so the more contextual learning has its own charisma compared with the concepts of learning. Of course, it can be seen from the seven main components of the role of students is more needed in the midst of ongoing learning process for the applications of contextual functions create an active learning atmosphere between teachers and learners and to prevent monotony condition during the process of learning and teaching progress.